{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Funksiyalar\n",
    "\n",
    "* ushbu darsda chuquroq funksiyalarni o'rganamiz\n",
    "* funksiya nima\n",
    "* sodda namunalar"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def my_function():\n",
    "  print(\"Hello from a function\")\n",
    "  print(\"Salom olam\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello from a function\n",
      "Salom olam\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "my_function()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Argumentlar"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Emil Refsnes\n",
      "Tobias Refsnes\n",
      "Linus Refsnes\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def my_function(fname):\n",
    "  print(fname + \" Refsnes\")\n",
    "\n",
    "my_function(\"Emil\")\n",
    "my_function(\"Tobias\")\n",
    "my_function(\"Linus\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Emil Refsnes\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def my_function(fname, lname):\n",
    "  print(fname + \" \" + lname)\n",
    "\n",
    "my_function(\"Emil\", \"Refsnes\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Sum:  14\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# function with two arguments\n",
    "def add_numbers(num1, num2, num3):\n",
    "  sum = num1 + num2 + num3\n",
    "  print(\"Sum: \", sum)\n",
    "\n",
    "# function call with two values\n",
    "add_numbers(5, 4, 5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## `return` kalit so'zi"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Square: 9\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# function definition\n",
    "def find_square(num):\n",
    "    result = num * num\n",
    "    return result\n",
    "\n",
    "# function call\n",
    "square = find_square(3)\n",
    "\n",
    "print('Square:', square)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "False True\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# some more functions\n",
    "def is_prime(n):\n",
    "  if n in [2, 3]:\n",
    "    return True\n",
    "  if (n == 1) or (n % 2 == 0):\n",
    "    return False\n",
    "  r = 3\n",
    "  while r * r <= n:\n",
    "    if n % r == 0:\n",
    "      return False\n",
    "    r += 2\n",
    "  return True\n",
    "print(is_prime(78), is_prime(79))\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Bittadan ortiq qiymat qaytarish"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Yuza:  12\n",
      "Peremeter:  14\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# function definition\n",
    "def find_area_per(a, b):\n",
    "    area = a * b\n",
    "    p = 2 * (a + b)\n",
    "    return (area, p)\n",
    "\n",
    "# function call\n",
    "yuza, peremeter = find_area_per(3, 4)\n",
    "\n",
    "print('Yuza: ', yuza)\n",
    "print('Peremeter: ', peremeter)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## `pass` kalit so'zi"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def future_function():\n",
    "  pass\n",
    "\n",
    "# this will execute without any action or error\n",
    "future_function()  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Kelishuv qiymatlari"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "x:  10\n",
      "y:  50\n",
      "x:  10\n",
      "y:  100\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Python program to demonstrate\n",
    "# default arguments\n",
    "def myFun(x, y=50):\n",
    "  print(\"x: \", x)\n",
    "  print(\"y: \", y)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# Driver code (We call myFun() with only\n",
    "# argument)\n",
    "myFun(10)\n",
    "myFun(10, 100)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "I am from Sweden\n",
      "I am from India\n",
      "I am from Norway\n",
      "I am from Brazil\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def my_function(country = \"Norway\"):\n",
    "  print(\"I am from \" + country)\n",
    "\n",
    "my_function(\"Sweden\")\n",
    "my_function(\"India\")\n",
    "my_function()\n",
    "my_function(\"Brazil\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Kalit so'zli qiymatlar"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Geeks Practice\n",
      "Geeks Practice\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Python program to demonstrate Keyword Arguments\n",
    "def student(firstname, lastname):\n",
    "  print(firstname, lastname)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# Keyword arguments\n",
    "student(firstname='Geeks', lastname='Practice')\n",
    "student(lastname='Practice', firstname='Geeks')\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Majburiy qiymatlar"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Case-1:\n",
      "Hi, I am Suraj\n",
      "My age is  27\n",
      "\n",
      "Case-2:\n",
      "Hi, I am 27\n",
      "My age is  Suraj\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def nameAge(name, age):\n",
    "  print(\"Hi, I am\", name)\n",
    "  print(\"My age is \", age)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# You will get correct output because \n",
    "# argument is given in order\n",
    "print(\"Case-1:\")\n",
    "nameAge(\"Suraj\", 27)\n",
    "# You will get incorrect output because\n",
    "# argument is not in order\n",
    "print(\"\\nCase-2:\")\n",
    "nameAge(27, \"Suraj\")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### `*args` argumenti"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'tuple'>\n",
      "The youngest child is Linus\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def my_function(*kids):\n",
    "  print(type(kids)) # tuple\n",
    "  # kids = (\"Emil\", \"Tobias\", \"Linus\")\n",
    "  print(\"The youngest child is \" + kids[2])\n",
    "\n",
    "my_function(\"Emil\", \"Tobias\", \"Linus\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello\n",
      "Welcome\n",
      "to\n",
      "GeeksforGeeks\n",
      "sd\n",
      "43\n",
      "43\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Python program to illustrate\n",
    "# *args for variable number of arguments\n",
    "def myFun(*argv):\n",
    "    for arg in argv:\n",
    "        print(arg)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "myFun('Hello', 'Welcome', 'to', 'GeeksforGeeks', 'sd', 43, 43)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "3\n",
      "6\n",
      "10\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def my_sum(*values):\n",
    "  s = 0\n",
    "  for val in values:\n",
    "    s += val\n",
    "  return s\n",
    "\n",
    "a = 1\n",
    "b = 2\n",
    "c = 3\n",
    "d = 4\n",
    "\n",
    "print(my_sum(a))\n",
    "print(my_sum(a, b))\n",
    "print(my_sum(a, b, c))\n",
    "print(my_sum(a, b, c, d))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "first Geeks\n",
      "mid for\n",
      "last Geeks\n",
      "age 25\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Python program to illustrate\n",
    "# *kwargs for variable number of keyword arguments\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "def myFun(**kwargs):\n",
    "    for key, value in kwargs.items():\n",
    "        print(key, value)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# Driver code\n",
    "myFun(first='Geeks', mid='for', last='Geeks', age=25)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Hujjat qatori"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Function to check if the number is even or odd\n",
      "    \n",
      "        x bu yerda butun son\n",
      "    \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# A simple Python function to check\n",
    "# whether x is even or odd\n",
    "# docstr\n",
    "\n",
    "def evenOdd(x):\n",
    "    \"\"\"Function to check if the number is even or odd\n",
    "    \n",
    "        x bu yerda butun son\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    \n",
    "    if (x % 2 == 0):\n",
    "        print(\"even\")\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print(\"odd\")\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# Driver code to call the function\n",
    "print(evenOdd.__doc__)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "evenOdd()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Kalit so'zli argumentlar"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The youngest child is Linus\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def my_function(child3, child2, child1):\n",
    "  print(\"The youngest child is \" + child3)\n",
    "\n",
    "my_function(child1 = \"Emil\", child2 = \"Tobias\", child3 = \"Linus\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## `**kwargs` argumenti"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "His last name is Refsnes\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def my_function(**kid):\n",
    "  print(\"His last name is \" + kid[\"lname\"])\n",
    "\n",
    "my_function(fname = \"Tobias\", lname = \"Refsnes\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "my_function() got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'a'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[46], line 4\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mdef\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;21mmy_function\u001b[39m(a\u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m2\u001b[39m, b\u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m3\u001b[39m, \u001b[38;5;241m/\u001b[39m, c\u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m5\u001b[39m):\n\u001b[1;32m      2\u001b[0m   \u001b[38;5;28mprint\u001b[39m(a, b, c)\n\u001b[0;32m----> 4\u001b[0m \u001b[43mmy_function\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43ma\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m3\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43mc\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m5\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: my_function() got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'a'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def my_function(a=2, b=3, /, c=5):\n",
    "  print(a, b, c)\n",
    "\n",
    "my_function(a=3, c=5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3 6 5\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def my_function(a, b, *, c=5):\n",
    "  print(a, b, c)\n",
    "\n",
    "my_function(3, 6, c=5)"
   ]
  }
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