set - to’plam turi

Kirish

• set turi matematikadagi to’plamlarni ifodalaydi

• tartiblanmagan

• o’zgartirib bo’lmaydigan

• indeks operatori mavjud emas

• takrorlanuvchi elementlar mavjud bo’lmaydi

• faqat heshlash mumkin bo’lgan turlarni saqlaydi

thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
print(thisset)

{'cherry', 'banana', 'apple'}

thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
thisset[0] = 'orange'

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[92], line 2
      1 thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
----> 2 thisset[0] = 'orange'

TypeError: 'set' object does not support item assignment

thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry", "apple"}

print(thisset)

{'cherry', 'banana', 'apple'}

thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry", True, 1, 2}

print(thisset)

{True, 2, 'cherry', 'banana', 'apple'}

thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry", 1, True, 2}

print(thisset)

{1, 2, 'cherry', 'banana', 'apple'}

thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry", True, 1, 2, 0, False, ''}

print(thisset)

{0, True, 2, 'cherry', '', 'banana', 'apple'}

thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry", True, 1, 2, 0, False, '', (2, 3)}

print(thisset)

{0, True, 2, 'cherry', '', 'apple', (2, 3), 'banana'}

Mutable va immutable

Mutable

• list

Immutable

• tuple, str, set, etc

thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}

print(len(thisset))

3

set1 = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
set2 = {1, 5, 7, 9, 3}
set3 = {True, False, False}

set1 = {"abc", 34, True, 40, "male"}

myset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
print(type(myset))

<class 'set'>

thisset = set(("apple", "banana", "cherry", 'apple')) # note the double round-brackets
print(thisset)

{'cherry', 'banana', 'apple'}

thisset = {0, 'orange', "apple", "banana", "cherry", 1}

for x in thisset:
  print(x)

0
1
cherry
orange
banana
apple

thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}

print("banana" in thisset)

True

thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}

print("banana" not in thisset)

False

thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}

thisset.add("orange")

print(thisset)

{'orange', 'cherry', 'banana', 'apple'}

thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
tropical = {"pineapple", "mango", "papaya"}

thisset.update(tropical)

print(thisset)

{'pineapple', 'papaya', 'mango', 'cherry', 'banana', 'apple'}

thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
mylist = ["kiwi", "orange"]

thisset.update(mylist)

print(thisset)

{'cherry', 'orange', 'kiwi', 'apple', 'banana'}

thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}

thisset.remove("banana")

print(thisset)

{'cherry', 'apple'}

thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}

thisset.discard("banana")

print(thisset)

{'cherry', 'apple'}

thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}

x = thisset.pop()

print(x)

print(thisset)

cherry
{'banana', 'apple'}

thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}

thisset.clear()

print(thisset)

set()

thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}

del thisset

print(thisset)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[129], line 5
      1 thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
      3 del thisset
----> 5 print(thisset)

NameError: name 'thisset' is not defined

setlarni qo’shish

• union()

• update()

• intersection()

• difference()

• symmetric_difference()

set1 = {"a", "b", "c"}
set2 = {1, 2, 3}

set3 = set1.union(set2)
print(set3)

{1, 2, 'a', 3, 'b', 'c'}

set1 = {"a", "b", "c"}
set2 = {1, 2, 3}

set3 = set1 | set2
print(set3)

{1, 2, 'a', 3, 'b', 'c'}

set1 = {"a", "b", "c"}
set2 = {1, 2, 3}
set3 = {"John", "Elena"}
set4 = {"apple", "bananas", "cherry"}

myset = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)
print(myset)

{1, 2, 'a', 3, 'cherry', 'apple', 'b', 'bananas', 'John', 'c', 'Elena'}

set1 = {"a", "b", "c"}
set2 = {1, 2, 3}
set3 = {"John", "Elena"}
set4 = {"apple", "bananas", "cherry"}

myset = set1 | set2 | set3 |set4
print(myset)

{1, 2, 'a', 3, 'cherry', 'apple', 'b', 'bananas', 'John', 'c', 'Elena'}

x = {"a", "b", "c"}
y = [1, 2, 3]

z = x.union(y)
print(z)

{1, 2, 'a', 3, 'b', 'c'}

set1 = {"a", "b" , "c"}
set2 = {1, 2, 3}

set1.update(set2)
print(set1)

{1, 2, 'a', 3, 'b', 'c'}

set1 = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
set2 = {"google", "microsoft", "apple"}

set3 = set1.intersection(set2)
print(set3)

{'apple'}

set1 = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
set2 = {"google", "microsoft", "apple"}

set3 = set1 & set2
print(set3)

{'apple'}

set1 = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
set2 = {"google", "microsoft", "apple"}

set1.intersection_update(set2)

print(set1)

{'apple'}

set1 = {"apple", 1,  "banana", 0, "cherry"}
set2 = {False, "google", 1, "apple", 2, True}

set3 = set1.intersection(set2)

print(set3)

{False, 1, 'apple'}

set1 = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
set2 = {"google", "microsoft", "apple"}

set3 = set1.difference(set2)

print(set3)

{'cherry', 'banana'}

set1 = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
set2 = {"google", "microsoft", "apple"}

set3 = set1 - set2
print(set3)

{'cherry', 'banana'}

set1 = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
set2 = {"google", "microsoft", "apple"}

set1.difference_update(set2)

print(set1)

{'cherry', 'banana'}

set1 = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
set2 = {"google", "microsoft", "apple"}

set3 = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)

print(set3)

{'microsoft', 'cherry', 'banana', 'google'}

set1 = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
set2 = {"google", "microsoft", "apple"}

set3 = set1 ^ set2
print(set3)

{'microsoft', 'cherry', 'banana', 'google'}

set1 = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
set2 = {"google", "microsoft", "apple"}

set1.symmetric_difference_update(set2)

print(set1)

{'microsoft', 'cherry', 'banana', 'google'}

dict - lug’at turi

thisdict = {
  "brand": "Ford",
  "model": "Mustang",
  "year": 1964
}
print(thisdict)

{'brand': 'Ford', 'model': 'Mustang', 'year': 1964}

thisdict = {
  "brand": "Ford",
  "model": "Mustang",
  "year": 1964
}
print(thisdict["brand"])

Ford

thisdict = {
  "brand": "Ford",
  "model": "Mustang",
  "year": 1964,
  "year": 2020
}
print(thisdict)

{'brand': 'Ford', 'model': 'Mustang', 'year': 2020}

print(len(thisdict))

3

thisdict = {
  "brand": "Ford",
  "electric": False,
  "year": 1964,
  "colors": ["red", "white", "blue"]
}

thisdict = {
  "brand": "Ford",
  "model": "Mustang",
  "year": 1964
}
print(type(thisdict))

<class 'dict'>

thisdict = dict(name = "John", age = 36, country = "Norway")
print(thisdict)

{'name': 'John', 'age': 36, 'country': 'Norway'}

thisdict = {
  "brand": "Ford",
  "model": "Mustang",
  "year": 1964
}
x = thisdict["model"]
print(x)

Mustang

x = thisdict.get("model1")
print(x)

None

x = thisdict.keys()
x

dict_keys(['brand', 'model', 'year'])

car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}

x = car.keys()

print(x) #before the change

car["color"] = "white"

print(x) #after the change

dict_keys(['brand', 'model', 'year'])
dict_keys(['brand', 'model', 'year', 'color'])

car

{'brand': 'Ford', 'model': 'Mustang', 'year': 1964, 'color': 'white'}

x = thisdict.values()
print(x)

dict_values(['Ford', 'Mustang', 1964])

car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}

x = car.values()

print(x) #before the change

car["year"] = 2020

print(x) #after the change

dict_values(['Ford', 'Mustang', 1964])
dict_values(['Ford', 'Mustang', 2020])

car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}

x = car.values()

print(x) #before the change

car["color"] = "red"

print(x) #after the change

dict_values(['Ford', 'Mustang', 1964])
dict_values(['Ford', 'Mustang', 1964, 'red'])

x = thisdict.items()
print(x)

dict_items([('brand', 'Ford'), ('model', 'Mustang'), ('year', 1964)])

car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}

x = car.items()

print(x) #before the change

car["year"] = 2020

print(x) #after the change

dict_items([('brand', 'Ford'), ('model', 'Mustang'), ('year', 1964)])
dict_items([('brand', 'Ford'), ('model', 'Mustang'), ('year', 2020)])

car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}

x = car.items()

print(x) #before the change

car["color"] = "red"

print(x) #after the change

dict_items([('brand', 'Ford'), ('model', 'Mustang'), ('year', 1964)])
dict_items([('brand', 'Ford'), ('model', 'Mustang'), ('year', 1964), ('color', 'red')])

for key, value in car.items():
    print(key, value)

brand Ford
model Mustang
year 1964
color red

thisdict = {
  "brand": "Ford",
  "model": "Mustang",
  "year": 1964
}
if "model" in thisdict:
  print("Yes, 'model' is one of the keys in the thisdict dictionary")

Yes, 'model' is one of the keys in the thisdict dictionary

thisdict = {
  "brand": "Ford",
  "model": "Mustang",
  "year": 1964
}
thisdict["year"] = 2018

thisdict = {
  "brand": "Ford",
  "model": "Mustang",
  "year": 1964
}
thisdict.update({"year": 2020, 'brand': 'Tiko', 'color': 'red'})
print(thisdict)

{'brand': 'Tiko', 'model': 'Mustang', 'year': 2020, 'color': 'red'}

thisdict = {
  "brand": "Ford",
  "model": "Mustang",
  "year": 1964
}
thisdict.pop("model")
print(thisdict)

{'brand': 'Ford', 'year': 1964}

thisdict = {
  "brand": "Ford",
  "model": "Mustang",
  "year": 1964
}
thisdict.popitem()
print(thisdict)

{'brand': 'Ford', 'model': 'Mustang'}

thisdict = {
  "brand": "Ford",
  "model": "Mustang",
  "year": 1964
}
del thisdict["model"]
print(thisdict)

{'brand': 'Ford', 'year': 1964}

thisdict = {
  "brand": "Ford",
  "model": "Mustang",
  "year": 1964
}
del thisdict
print(thisdict) #this will cause an error because "thisdict" no longer exists.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[76], line 7
      1 thisdict = {
      2   "brand": "Ford",
      3   "model": "Mustang",
      4   "year": 1964
      5 }
      6 del thisdict
----> 7 print(thisdict) #this will cause an error because "thisdict" no longer exists.

NameError: name 'thisdict' is not defined

thisdict = {
  "brand": "Ford",
  "model": "Mustang",
  "year": 1964
}
thisdict.clear()
print(thisdict)

{}

thisdict = {
  "brand": "Ford",
  "model": "Mustang",
  "year": 1964
}
for x in thisdict:
  print(x)

brand
model
year

for x in thisdict:
  print(x, thisdict[x])

brand Ford
model Mustang
year 1964

for x in thisdict.values():
  print(x)

Ford
Mustang
1964

for x in thisdict.keys():
  print(x)

brand
model
year

for x, y in thisdict.items():
  print(x, y)

brand Ford
model Mustang
year 1964

thisdict = {
  "brand": "Ford",
  "model": "Mustang",
  "year": 1964
}
mydict = thisdict.copy()
print(mydict)

{'brand': 'Ford', 'model': 'Mustang', 'year': 1964}

thisdict = {
  "brand": "Ford",
  "model": "Mustang",
  "year": 1964
}
mydict = dict(thisdict)
print(mydict)

{'brand': 'Ford', 'model': 'Mustang', 'year': 1964}

myfamily = {
  "child1" : {
    "name" : "Emil",
    "year" : 2004
  },
  "child2" : {
    "name" : "Tobias",
    "year" : 2007
  },
  "child3" : {
    "name" : "Linus",
    "year" : 2011
  }
}

child1 = {
  "name" : "Emil",
  "year" : 2004
}
child2 = {
  "name" : "Tobias",
  "year" : 2007
}
child3 = {
  "name" : "Linus",
  "year" : 2011
}

myfamily = {
  "child1" : child1,
  "child2" : child2,
  "child3" : child3
}

print(myfamily["child2"]["name"])

Tobias

for x, obj in myfamily.items():
  print(x)

  for y in obj:
    print(y + ':', obj[y])

child1
name: Emil
year: 2004
child2
name: Tobias
year: 2007
child3
name: Linus
year: 2011